Alexander Alexandrovich Davidenko |
Alexander Davidenko
Nyob rau hauv Davidenko cov duab tsis muaj cov ntsiab lus sau zoo nkauj, ib yam li tsis muaj cov duab ntawm ib tus neeg thiab cov cim, lossis kev nthuav tawm ntawm tus kheej, kev paub zoo; qhov tseem ceeb hauv nws yog lwm yam - cov duab ntawm pawg neeg, lawv lub siab nyiam, nce siab, impulse ... D. Shostakovich
Hauv 20-30s. Ntawm cov kws sau ntawv Soviet, A. Davidenko, tus kws tshaj lij tsis muaj zog ntawm cov nkauj loj, tus kws tshaj lij hu nkauj, thiab tus neeg sawv cev zoo tshaj plaws, sawv tawm. Nws yog tus kws sau ntawv ntawm hom tshiab, kev ua haujlwm rau nws yog inextricably txuas nrog kev ua haujlwm thiab tsis muaj zog ntawm kev kawm ntawm cov neeg ua haujlwm, cov neeg ua liaj ua teb, Red Army thiab Red Navy cov txiv neej. Kev sib txuas lus nrog cov neeg coob coob yog qhov xav tau tseem ceeb thiab tsim nyog rau nws lub neej raws li tus kws kos duab. Ib tug txiv neej uas tsis kaj siab thiab nyob rau tib lub sij hawm tragic txoj hmoo, Davidenko nyob ib tug luv luv lub neej, tsis muaj sij hawm los paub tag nrho nws cov kev npaj. Nws tau yug los rau hauv tsev neeg ntawm tus neeg siv xov tooj, thaum muaj yim xyoo nws tseem yog menyuam ntsuag (tom qab ntawd nws tau raug haunted los ntawm kev xav tias nws yuav qhia txoj hmoo ntawm nws niam nws txiv uas tuag hluas), txij li hnub nyoog 15 xyoo nws pib. lub neej ywj pheej, tau txais kev kawm. Nyob rau hauv 1917, nws, nyob rau hauv nws cov lus, "muab ib tug traction" los ntawm lub theological seminary, qhov chaw uas nws raug xa los ntawm nws txiv ntxawm thiab qhov chaw uas nws yog ib tug nruab nrab ntawm cov ntsiab lus, tsuas yog nqa tawm los ntawm kev kawm suab paj nruag.
Xyoo 1917-19. Davidenko kawm nyob rau hauv Odessa Conservatory, nyob rau hauv 1919-21 nws ua hauj lwm nyob rau hauv lub Red Army, ces ua hauj lwm raws li ib tug kev cai ntawm txoj kev tsheb ciav hlau. Ib qho xwm txheej tseem ceeb hauv nws lub neej yog nws nkag mus rau hauv 1922 mus rau Moscow Conservatory hauv chav kawm ntawm R. Gliere thiab mus rau Choir Academy, qhov chaw nws kawm nrog A. Kastalsky. Davidenko txoj kev muaj tswv yim tsis sib xws. Nws txoj kev sib hlub thaum ntxov, me me choral thiab piano daim yog cim los ntawm ib qho kev ntxhov siab ntawm lub siab. Lawv yog cov autobiographical thiab undoubtedly txuas nrog cov kev paub nyuaj ntawm thaum yau thiab hluas. Lub ntsiab lus tig tau tuaj rau lub caij nplooj ntoo hlav xyoo 1925, thaum muaj kev sib tw tau tshaj tawm ntawm lub chaw khaws cia rau qhov zoo tshaj plaws "suab paj nruag kiv puag ncig" nplooj siab rau lub cim xeeb ntawm VI Lenin. Kwv yees li ntawm 10 tus tub ntxhais hluas composers tau koom nrog hauv kev sib tw, uas tom qab ntawd tsim lub hauv paus ntawm "Tsev tsim cov tub ntxhais kawm composers ntawm Moscow Conservatory" (Prokoll), tsim los ntawm kev pib ntawm Davidenko. Prokoll tsis kav ntev (1925-29), tab sis ua lub luag haujlwm tseem ceeb hauv kev tsim kho cov neeg sau ntawv hluas, suav nrog A. Khachaturian, D. Kabalevsky, M. Koval, I. Dzerzhinsky, V. Bely. Lub hauv paus ntsiab lus tseem ceeb ntawm kev sib koom ua ke yog lub siab xav tsim cov haujlwm txog lub neej ntawm cov neeg Soviet. Nyob rau tib lub sijhawm, ntau xim tau them rau cov nkauj loj. Lub sijhawm ntawd, lo lus no, nrog rau lub tswv yim ntawm "kev hu nkauj loj", txhais tau hais tias kev ua yeeb yam polyphonic choral.
Nyob rau hauv nws cov nkauj, Davidenko muaj tswv yim siv cov duab thiab suab paj nruag cov tswv yim ntawm pej xeem cov nkauj, nrog rau cov hauv paus ntsiab lus ntawm kev sau ntawv polyphonic. Qhov no twb tshwm sim nyob rau hauv lub composer thawj choral compositions Budyonny's Cavalry (Art. N. Aseev), Hiav txwv Moaned Furiously (Folk Art), thiab Barge Haulers (Art. N. Nekrasov). Nyob rau hauv 1926, Davidenko siv nws lub tswv yim ntawm "kev ywj pheej ntawm sonata thiab fugue forms" nyob rau hauv lub choral sonata "Ua hauj lwm May", thiab nyob rau hauv 1927 nws tau tsim ib tug zoo heev ua hauj lwm "Txoj kev yog kev txhawj xeeb", uas yog ib feem ntawm Procall cov hauj lwm ua ke - lub oratorio "Txoj Kev ntawm Lub Kaum Hli". Qhov no yog ib daim duab zoo nkauj ntawm kev ua yeeb yam ntawm cov neeg ua haujlwm thiab cov tub rog thaum Lub Ob Hlis 1917. Daim ntawv ntawm fugue ntawm no yog nruj me ntsis rau kev kos duab tsim, nws yog tsim los qhia cov ntsiab lus ntawm ntau lub suab tawm tsam txoj kev.
Tag nrho cov suab paj nruag yog permeated nrog pej xeem cov xim - cov neeg ua haujlwm ', tub rog' nkauj, ditties flash, hloov ib leeg, sib txuas nrog lub ntsiab lus tseem ceeb, framing nws.
Qhov thib ob pinnacle ntawm Davidenko txoj hauj lwm yog hu nkauj "Ntawm lub thib kaum verst", nplooj siab rau cov neeg raug tsim txom ntawm lub kiv puag ncig ntawm 1905. Nws kuj yog npaj rau lub oratorio "Txoj kev ntawm lub kaum hli ntuj". Ob txoj haujlwm no ua kom tiav cov dej num ntawm Davidenko ua tus tsim ntawm Procall.
Nyob rau hauv lub neej yav tom ntej, Davidenko feem ntau koom nrog hauv kev ua suab paj nruag thiab kev kawm. Nws mus ncig teb chaws thiab npaj kev hu nkauj nyob txhua qhov chaw, sau nkauj rau lawv, sau cov khoom siv rau nws tej hauj lwm. Qhov tshwm sim ntawm txoj haujlwm no yog "Thawj Cavalry, Nkauj hais txog Cov Neeg Commissar, Nkauj hais txog Stepan Razin", kev npaj cov nkauj ntawm cov neeg raug kaw nom tswv. Cov nkauj "Lawv xav ntaus peb, lawv xav ntaus peb" (Art. D. Poor) thiab "Vintovochka" (Art. N. Aseev) tau nrov tshwj xeeb. Nyob rau hauv 1930, Davidenko pib ua hauj lwm nyob rau hauv lub opera "1919", tab sis qhov no ua hauj lwm tag nrho tau ua tsis tiav. Tsuas yog lub choral scene "Rise ntawm lub wagon" yog txawv los ntawm ib tug bold artistic conception.
Lub xyoo kawg ntawm nws lub neej Davidenko ua haujlwm furiously. Rov qab los ntawm qhov chaw mus rau Chechen cheeb tsam, nws tsim cov yeeb yuj tshaj plaws "Chechen Suite" rau cov nkauj hu nkauj cappella, ua haujlwm ntawm lub suab thiab suab paj nruag loj "Red Square", koom tes hauv kev ua suab paj nruag thiab kev kawm. Kev tuag nteg nyob rau hauv tos rau Davidenko lus nyob rau hauv kev sib ntaus sib tua ncej. Nws tuag rau lub Tsib Hlis 1 tom qab lub Tsib Hlis Ntuj ua qauv qhia xyoo 1934. Nws zaj nkauj kawg "Tsev Hnub" (art. A. Zharova) tau txais khoom plig ntawm kev sib tw ntawm Pawg Neeg Saib Xyuas Kev Kawm. Davidenko lub ntees tuag hloov mus rau hauv ib qho txawv txawv rau xws li ib tug ritual kev hais kwv txhiaj ntawm huab hwm coj nkauj - ib tug haib hu nkauj ntawm cov tub ntxhais kawm ntawm lub conservatory thiab amateur ua yeeb yam ua yeeb yam zoo tshaj plaws ntawm lub composer, yog li them tribute rau lub cim xeeb ntawm ib tug zoo nkauj tshuab raj - ib tug txaus siab ntawm Soviet pawg. nkauj.
O. Kuznetsova
