Kobza: nws yog dab tsi, instrument composition, keeb kwm, suab, siv

Ukrainian pej xeem suab paj nruas ntsuas kobza yog ib tug txheeb ze ze ntawm lub lute. Nws belongs rau cov pab pawg neeg ntawm stringed, plucked, muaj plaub los yog ntau dua khub hlua. Ntxiv rau Ukraine, nws ntau yam muaj nyob rau hauv Moldova, Romania, Hungary, Poland.

Cov cuab yeej cuab tam

Lub hauv paus yog lub cev, cov khoom uas yog ntoo. Cov duab ntawm lub cev yog me ntsis elongated, zoo li pear. Sab pem hauv ntej, nruab nrog cov hlua, yog tiaj tus, sab nraub qaum yog convex. Qhov kwv yees qhov ntev ntawm rooj plaub yog 50 cm ntev thiab 30 cm dav.

Lub caj dab me me yog txuas nrog lub cev, nruab nrog cov hlau frets thiab lub taub hau me ntsis khoov rov qab. Cov hlua yog ncab raws sab pem hauv ntej, tus naj npawb ntawm qhov sib txawv: muaj kev xaiv tsim nrog tsawg kawg yog plaub, nrog rau ntau tshaj kaum ob txoj hlua.

Qee lub sij hawm lub plectrum txuas ntxiv - nws yooj yim dua los ua si nrog nws dua li nrog koj cov ntiv tes, lub suab yog huv dua.

Kobza suab zoo li cas?

Cov cuab yeej muaj quarto-quint system. Nws lub suab yog mos, maj mam, zoo tagnrho rau accompaniment, tsis muaj dej ntws tawm ntawm tus so ntawm cov neeg koom hauv kev ua yeeb yam. Nws mus zoo nrog violin, flute, clarinet, flute.

Lub suab ntawm kobza yog kev nthuav qhia, yog li tus kws ntaus nkauj tuaj yeem ua haujlwm nyuaj. Cov txheej txheem ua si zoo ib yam li cov lute: txoj hlua plucking, harmonic, legato, tremolo, brute force.

Keeb kwm

Cov qauv zoo li lub lute muaj nyob hauv yuav luag txhua kab lis kev cai. Piv txwv li, lub tswv yim ntawm lawv cov creation tau yug los nyob rau hauv lub teb chaws ntawm sab hnub tuaj. Cov ntsiab lus "kobza", "kobuz" muaj nyob rau hauv cov ntaub ntawv pov thawj hnub rov qab mus rau lub xyoo pua XNUMX. Kev tsim kho zoo ib yam li Ukrainian lute tau hu ua "kopuz" hauv Turkey, thiab "cobza" hauv Romania.

Lub kobza tau siv dav hauv Ukraine, tau poob rau hauv kev hlub nrog Cossacks: nws txawm muaj lub npe tshwj xeeb ntawm no: "Lute of the Cossack", "Cossack lute". Cov neeg uas paub cov txheej txheem ntawm kev ua si nws hu ua kobzars. Feem ntau lawv nrog lawv tus kheej hu nkauj, tales, legends nrog Kev Ua Si. Muaj ntaub ntawv pov thawj hais tias tus naas ej hetman Bohdan Khmelnytsky, thaum tau txais txawv teb chaws ambassadors, ua si lub kobza.

Ntxiv nrog rau cov neeg Ukrainian, lub lute hloov tau siv nyob rau hauv Polish, Romanian, Lavxias teb sab av. Nws raug suav hais tias yog khoom muaj nqis hauv tebchaws, tsis xav tau kev kawm ntev mus ua si. Cov European ntau yam tau saib txog tib yam, sib txawv ntawm qhov loj thiab tus lej ntawm cov hlua.

Lub xyoo pua XNUMX tau cim los ntawm kev tsim cov cuab yeej zoo sib xws, bandura. Kev tsim kho tshiab tau hloov mus ua kom zoo dua qub, nyuaj, thiab tsis ntev tau yuam "tus muam" tawm ntawm lub ntiaj teb ntawm Ukrainian suab paj nruag.

Niaj hnub no, koj tuaj yeem paub txog keeb kwm ntawm Ukrainian ntsuas hauv Tsev khaws puav pheej ntawm Kobza Art hauv nroog Pereyaslavl-Khmelnitsky: txog 400 cov khoom pov thawj tau muab tso rau hauv.

siv

Feem ntau Ukrainian lute yog siv nyob rau hauv orchestras, pej xeem ensembles: nws nrog hu nkauj los yog lub ntsiab melody.

Ib qho ntawm cov neeg nyiam tshaj plaws thiab ua tiav kev ua yeeb yam uas muaj kobza hauv lawv cov ntsiab lus yog National Academic Orchestra ntawm Folk Instruments ntawm Ukraine.