Janis Andreevich Ivanov (Jānis Ivanovs) |

Janis Ivanovs

Ntawm cov founders ntawm Soviet symphony, ib tug ntawm cov tseem ceeb qhov chaw yog rightfully occupied los ntawm Y. Ivanov. Nws lub npe yog txuam nrog kev tsim thiab kev vam meej ntawm Latvian symphony, uas nws mob siab rau yuav luag tag nrho nws lub neej muaj tswv yim. Ivanov cov keeb kwm muaj ntau haiv neeg: nrog rau symphonies, nws tau tsim ntau qhov kev pab cuam symphonic tej hauj lwm (poem, overtures, thiab lwm yam), 1936 concertos, 3 paj huam rau choir thiab orchestra, ib tug xov tooj ntawm chamber ensembles (xws li 2 txoj hlua quartets, piano trio. ), compositions rau piano (sonatas, variations, voj voog "Neeg-plaub Sketches"), nkauj, zaj duab xis suab paj nruag. Tab sis nws yog nyob rau hauv lub symphony uas Ivanov qhia nws tus kheej feem ntau vividly thiab tag nrho. Hauv qhov kev nkag siab no, tus cwj pwm muaj tswv yim ntawm tus kws sau nkauj yog ze rau N. Myaskovsky. Ivanov lub peev xwm tsim tau ntev, maj mam txhim kho thiab nrhiav pom cov ntsej muag tshiab. Cov qauv kev kos duab tau tsim los ntawm lub hauv paus ntawm classical European thiab Lavxias teb sab kab lis kev cai, enriched nrog lub teb chaws originality, kev cia siab rau Latvian folklore.

Nyob rau hauv lub plawv ntawm lub composer, nws haiv neeg Latgale, thaj av ntawm xiav pas dej, qhov twg nws yug los nyob rau hauv ib tug neeg ua liaj ua teb tsev neeg, yog nyob rau hauv imprinted mus ib txhis. Cov duab ntawm Niam Txiv tom qab tau los ua lub neej nyob rau hauv thib rau ("Latgale") Symphony (1949), yog ib qho zoo tshaj plaws hauv nws keeb kwm. Nyob rau hauv nws cov hluas, Ivanov raug yuam los ua ib tug neeg ua liaj ua teb, tab sis ua tsaug rau kev ua haujlwm hnyav thiab kev mob siab rau, nws tau nkag mus rau Riga Conservatory, uas nws kawm tiav hauv 1933 hauv chav kawm nrog J. Vitols thiab hauv chav kawm nrog G. . Shnefogt. Tus kws sau paj huam tau mob siab rau ntau lub zog rau kev kawm thiab kev ua haujlwm pedagogical. Yuav luag 30 xyoo (txog 1961) nws tau ua haujlwm hauv xov tooj cua, nyob rau lub sijhawm tom qab tsov rog nws tau ua tus thawj coj ntawm tsoomfwv cov suab paj nruag tshaj tawm. Ivanov txoj kev pab rau kev kawm ntawm cov tub ntxhais hluas composers nyob rau hauv Latvia yog invaluable. Los ntawm nws chav kawm conservatory, uas nws tau qhia txij li xyoo 1944, muaj ntau tus tswv ntawm Latvian suab paj nruag tawm: ntawm lawv J. Karlsone, O. Gravitis, R. Pauls thiab lwm tus.

Ivanov txoj kev ua neej tag nrho tau txiav txim siab los ntawm txoj kev muaj tswv yim, qhov twg nws cov symphonies tau dhau los ua qhov tseem ceeb tshaj plaws. Zoo li cov symphonies ntawm D. Shostakovich, lawv tuaj yeem hu ua "chronicle of the era." Feem ntau tus neeg sau qhia txog cov ntsiab lus ntawm kev ua haujlwm rau hauv lawv - nws muab cov lus piav qhia ntxaws (Sixth), cov npe rau lub voj voog lossis nws qhov chaw (PIV, "Atlantis" - 1941; Kaum Ob, "Sinfonia energica" - 1967; Kaum Peb, "Symphonia humana" - 1969), sib txawv ntawm ib hom ntawv nyeem ntawm lub symphony (lub kaum plaub, "Sinfonia da lub koob yees duab" rau cov hlua - 1971; lub thib kaum peb, nyob rau hauv St. Z. Purvs, nrog rau kev koom tes ntawm tus nyeem ntawv, thiab lwm yam), rov hais dua nws cov qauv sab hauv. . Lub originality ntawm Ivanov lub tswv yim style feem ntau txiav txim siab nws broad melody, lub hauv paus ntsiab lus ntawm cov lus dag nyob rau hauv lub Latvian pej xeem song, tab sis kuj nyob ze rau Slavic songwriting.

Lub symphonism ntawm Latvian tswv yog multifaceted: zoo li hais tias ntawm Myaskovsky, nws combines ob ceg ntawm Lavxias teb sab symphony - epic thiab ua yeeb yam. Nyob rau hauv thaum ntxov lub sij hawm, epic picturesqueness, lyrical hom yeej yeej nyob rau hauv Ivanov cov hauj lwm, nyob rau hauv lub sij hawm, nws style yog nce enriched los ntawm kev tsis sib haum xeeb, ua yeeb yam, mus txog rau thaum xaus ntawm txoj kev siab simplicity thiab wise philosophy. Lub ntiaj teb ntawm Ivanov lub suab paj nruag yog nplua nuj thiab ntau yam: ntawm no yog cov duab ntawm xwm, txhua hnub sketches, lyrics thiab xwm txheej. Ib tug tub tiag tiag ntawm nws cov neeg, tus sau lub siab dawb paug teb rau lawv txoj kev tu siab thiab kev xyiv fab. Ib qho tseem ceeb tshaj plaws nyob rau hauv lub composer txoj hauj lwm yog nyob ntawm lub ntsiab lus ntawm pej xeem. Twb tau nyob rau hauv 1941, nws yog thawj nyob rau hauv Latvia teb rau cov xwm txheej ntawm tsov rog nrog lub symphony-allegory "Atlantis", thiab tom qab ntawd deepened lub ntsiab lus nyob rau hauv lub thib tsib (1945) thiab tshwj xeeb tshaj yog nyob rau hauv lub cuaj (1960) symphonies. Ivanov kuj tau los ua ib tug pioneer hauv kev nthuav tawm lub ntsiab lus ntawm Leninist, dedicating lub kaum peb Symphony rau 100th hnub tseem ceeb ntawm tus thawj coj. Tus kws sau ntawv yeej ib txwm muaj lub luag haujlwm, lub luag haujlwm siab rau txoj hmoo ntawm nws cov neeg, uas nws tau ua haujlwm ncaj ncees tsis yog nrog kev muaj tswv yim xwb, tab sis kuj nrog nws cov kev ua ub no. Thaum lub Tsib Hlis 3, 1984, tus kws sau ntawv Twenty-First Symphony, ua tiav los ntawm Ivanov tus tub ntxhais kawm J. Karlsons, tau ua nyob rau hauv Riga, nws tau pom tias yog ib daim ntawv pov thawj ntawm tus kws kos duab zoo, nws qhov kawg "txoj kev ntseeg siab txog lub sijhawm thiab txog nws tus kheej."

G. Zhdanova