Alfred Schnittke: cia zaj yeeb yaj kiab ua ntej

Suab paj nruag niaj hnub no nkag mus rau txhua qhov chaw ntawm peb lub neej. Hloov chaw, peb tuaj yeem hais tias tsis muaj thaj chaw zoo li no uas suab paj nruag tsis suab. Lawm, qhov no tag nrho siv rau cinematography. Kev ploj mus ntev yog cov hnub uas cov yeeb yaj kiab tau pom tsuas yog hauv xinesmas thiab tus pianist-illustrator ntxiv qhov tshwm sim ntawm qhov screen nrog nws ua si.

Cov yeeb yaj kiab uas ntsiag to tau hloov los ntawm cov yeeb yaj kiab suab, tom qab ntawd peb tau kawm txog lub suab tso suab, thiab tom qab ntawd cov duab 3D tau dhau los ua qhov qub. Thiab tag nrho lub sijhawm no, suab paj nruag hauv cov yeeb yaj kiab tau tas li tam sim no thiab yog qhov tsim nyog.

Tab sis moviegoers, absorbed nyob rau hauv zaj duab xis ntawm zaj duab xis, tsis txhob xav txog cov lus nug: . Thiab muaj ib lo lus nug tseem ceeb dua: yog tias muaj ntau cov yeeb yaj kiab, nag hmo, hnub no thiab tag kis, qhov twg peb tuaj yeem tau txais cov suab paj nruag ntau heev kom muaj txaus rau kev ua yeeb yam, xwm txheej nrog comedies, thiab rau tag nrho lwm cov yeeb yaj kiab. ?

 Hais txog kev ua hauj lwm ntawm zaj duab xis composers

Muaj ntau cov yeeb yaj kiab raws li muaj suab paj nruag, thiab koj tsis tuaj yeem sib cav nrog qhov ntawd. Qhov no txhais tau hais tias suab paj nruag yuav tsum tau tsim, ua thiab kaw rau hauv soundtrack ntawm ib zaj yeeb yaj kiab. Tab sis ua ntej lub suab engineer pib sau cov suab paj nruag, ib tug neeg yuav tsum tau sau cov suab paj nruag. Thiab qhov no yog raws nraim li cas zaj duab xis composers ua.

Txawm li cas los xij, koj yuav tsum sim txiav txim siab txog hom suab paj nruag zaj duab xis:

• kev piav qhia, hais txog cov xwm txheej, kev ua, thiab hauv cov ntsiab lus - qhov yooj yim tshaj plaws;
• twb paub, ib zaug hnov, feem ntau classic (tej zaum nrov);
• Cov suab paj nruag tshwj xeeb sau rau ib zaj yeeb yaj kiab yuav suav nrog lub sijhawm piav qhia, cov ntsiab lus ntawm tus kheej thiab tus lej, nkauj, thiab lwm yam.

Tab sis dab tsi tag nrho cov hom no muaj nyob rau hauv ib qho yog tias suab paj nruag hauv cov yeeb yaj kiab tseem tsis nyob hauv qhov chaw tseem ceeb tshaj plaws.

Cov lus sib cav no xav tau los ua pov thawj thiab hais txog qhov nyuaj thiab qee qhov kev cia siab ntawm tus kws sau zaj duab xis.

Thiab tom qab ntawd qhov ntsuas ntawm tus kws sau ntawv lub peev xwm thiab kev txawj ntse ua kom pom tseeb Alfreda Schnittke: koj puas xav tau ntau tus thwjtim?, uas tau tswj hwm nws tus kheej nrov nrov, thawj zaug los ntawm nws txoj haujlwm ua tus kws sau zaj duab xis.

 Vim li cas Schnittka xav tau zaj duab xis suab paj nruag?

Ntawm qhov tod tes, cov lus teb yog qhov yooj yim: kev kawm ntawm lub tsev khaws khoom thiab kawm tiav tsev kawm ntawv tiav (1958-61), kev qhia ua haujlwm tseem tsis tau muaj tswv yim. Tab sis tsis muaj leej twg nyob rau hauv maj mam mus commission thiab ua suab paj nruag ntawm tus hluas composer Alfred Schnittke.

Tom qab ntawd tsuas muaj ib qho tseem tshuav: sau nkauj rau cov yeeb yaj kiab thiab tsim koj tus kheej cov lus thiab style. Hmoov zoo, ib txwm xav tau kev ua yeeb yaj kiab suab paj nruag.

Tom qab ntawd, tus kws sau ntawv nws tus kheej yuav hais tias pib txij thaum 60s thaum ntxov nws "yuav raug yuam kom sau zaj duab xis rau 20 xyoo." Qhov no yog ob qho tib si kev ua haujlwm theem pib ntawm tus kws sau ntawv kom "tau txais nws cov khob cij txhua hnub" thiab lub sijhawm zoo rau kev tshawb fawb thiab kev sim.

Schnittke yog ib qho ntawm cov kws sau nkauj uas tau tswj hwm kom dhau ntawm cov ciam teb ntawm cov yeeb yaj kiab ib hom ntawv thiab tib lub sijhawm tsim tsis yog "tsim" suab paj nruag. Yog vim li cas rau qhov no yog tus tswv txoj kev txawj ntse thiab muaj peev xwm loj heev rau kev ua haujlwm.

Los ntawm 1961 txog 1998 (xyoo tuag), suab paj nruag tau sau rau ntau tshaj 80 zaj duab xis thiab cartoons. Cov yeeb yaj kiab nrog Schnittke's suab paj nruag yog ntau haiv neeg: los ntawm kev ntxhov siab siab mus rau comedy, farce thiab cov yeeb yaj kiab txog kev ua si. Cov style thiab suab paj nruag lus ntawm Schnittke nyob rau hauv nws zaj duab xis tej hauj lwm yog heev ntau haiv neeg thiab contrasting.

Yog li nws hloov tawm tias Alfred Schnittke's zaj duab xis suab paj nruag yog tus yuam sij rau kev nkag siab txog nws cov suab paj nruag, tsim nyob rau hauv ntau hom kev kawm.

Txog cov yeeb yaj kiab zoo tshaj plaws nrog Schnittke lub suab paj nruag

Tau kawg, lawv txhua tus tsim nyog mloog, tab sis nws nyuaj rau tham txog lawv txhua tus, yog li nws tsuas yog tsim nyog hais ob peb:

• "Commissar" (dir. A. Askoldov) raug txwv rau ntau tshaj 20 xyoo vim yog kev xav, tab sis cov neeg saib tseem pom cov yeeb yaj kiab;
• "Belorussky Chaw Nres Tsheb" - ib zaj nkauj tau tsim tshwj xeeb tshaj yog rau zaj duab xis los ntawm B. Okudzhava, uas tseem nrov nyob rau hauv daim ntawv ntawm lub peb hlis ntuj (lub orchestration thiab so ntawm lub suab paj nruag yog A. Schnittka);
• "Sport, sport, sport" (dir. E. Klimov);
• "Tus txiv ntxawm Vanya" (dir. A. Mikhalkov-Konchalovsky);
• "Kev ntxhov siab" (dir. E. Klimov) - tus cwj pwm tseem ceeb yog G. Rasputin;
• "Lub Steamer Dawb" - raws li zaj dab neeg los ntawm Ch. Aitmatov;
• "The Tale of How Tsar Peter Married a Blackamoor" (dir. A. Mitta) - raws li cov hauj lwm ntawm A. Pushkin txog Tsar Peter;
• "Me Me Tragedies" (dir. M. Schweitzer) - raws li tej hauj lwm ntawm A. Pushkin;
• "Cov Dab Neeg ntawm Kev Ntseeg" (dir. A. Mitta);
• "Tuag Souls" (dir. M. Schweitzer) - ntxiv rau cov suab paj nruag rau zaj yeeb yaj kiab, kuj tseem muaj "Gogol Suite" rau Taganka Theatre kev ua yeeb yam "Cov Lus Qhia Hloov Kho";
• "Tus Xib Hwb thiab Margarita" (dir. Yu. Kara) - txoj hmoo ntawm cov yeeb yaj kiab thiab txoj hauv kev rau cov neeg tuaj saib yog qhov nyuaj thiab tsis sib haum xeeb, tab sis cov yeeb yaj kiab tuaj yeem pom hauv online niaj hnub no.

Cov npe muab lub tswv yim ntawm cov ntsiab lus thiab cov phiaj xwm. Ntau tus neeg nyeem ntawv yuav tau mloog zoo rau cov npe ntawm cov thawj coj, ntau tus paub zoo thiab tseem ceeb.

Thiab tseem muaj suab paj nruag rau tas luav, piv txwv li "Glass Harmonica," qhov twg, los ntawm cov menyuam yaus hom ntawv thiab suab paj nruag los ntawm A. Schnittke, tus thawj coj A. Khrzhanovsky pib sib tham txog cov txuj ci zoo nkauj.

Tab sis qhov zoo tshaj plaws los hais txog A. Schnittke zaj duab xis suab paj nruag yog nws cov phooj ywg: cov thawj coj, ua suab paj nruag, composers.

 Nyob rau hauv lub teb chaws pib nyob rau hauv Schnittke lub suab paj nruag thiab polystylistics

Qhov no feem ntau yog txuam nrog haiv neeg, tsev neeg kab lis kev cai, thiab kev nkag siab ntawm ib qho kev coj noj coj ua ntawm sab ntsuj plig.

Schnittke lub German, Jewish thiab Lavxias teb sab keeb kwm merged rau hauv ib tug. Nws yog qhov nyuaj, nws tsis txawv, nws txawv txawv, tab sis tib lub sijhawm nws yooj yim thiab txawj ntse, yuav ua li cas tus kws ntaus nkauj zoo nkauj "fuse" ua ke.

Lub sij hawm yog txhais raws li: Nyob rau hauv relation to Schnittke lub suab paj nruag, qhov no txhais tau hais tias ntau yam ntawm cov style, ib hom ntawv nyeem thiab kev taw qhia yog reflected thiab qhia: classics, avant-garde, ancient chorales thiab sab ntsuj plig chants, txhua hnub waltzes, polkas, marches, nkauj, guitar. suab paj nruag, jazz, thiab lwm yam.

Tus kws sau ntawv siv cov tswv yim ntawm polystylistics thiab collage, nrog rau ib hom "instrumental theatre" (tus yam ntxwv thiab meej txhais ntawm timbres). Lub suab nrov sib npaug thiab kev ua yeeb yam ua yeeb yam muab lub hom phiaj kev coj ua thiab teeb tsa kev txhim kho ntawm cov khoom sib txawv heev, qhov txawv ntawm qhov tseeb thiab cov neeg koom nrog, thiab thaum kawg tsim kom muaj qhov zoo tagnrho.

Hais txog lub ntsiab thiab tseem ceeb

             Cia peb tsim cov tswv yim:

• los ntawm ib qho kev tshwm sim zaj duab xis, zaj duab xis allegory, Alfred Schnittke lub suab paj nruag ua rau koj xav txog qhov tseem ceeb, qhov tseem ceeb hauv lub neej ntawm ib tug neeg, zej zog, lub teb chaws, tag nrho cov tib neeg;
• Schnittke ib zaug hais tias suab paj nruag yog "lub suab quaj ntawm lub sijhawm." Thiab nws tsis muaj teeb meem dab tsi vim li cas qhov no tau hais. Nws yog ib qho tseem ceeb heev uas tus Xib Hwb to taub, piav qhia thiab txhais cov “qee, quaj, cov lus thiab ntxhi” ntawm nws cov neeg nyob ib puag ncig ua suab paj nruag. Qhov no txhais tau hais tias ib tiam neeg thiab cov xeeb leej xeeb ntxwv yuav hnov ​​​​zoo li cas hauv peb lub siab;
• Schnittke tham nrog nws tus mloog hauv cov lus ntawm cov suab paj nruag txog yam tseem ceeb. Tab sis ib tug yuav tsum kawm kom to taub cov lus no, tsuas yog tom qab ntawd kev nkag siab ntawm tus kws sau cov kev xav tuaj;
• Schnittke's zaj duab xis suab paj nruag tuaj yeem pab nkag siab, vim tias muaj cov yeeb yaj kiab ua ntu zus, vim tias mloog thiab saib tib lub sijhawm yog yooj yim me ntsis.

Thiab tom qab ntawd - lub rooj sib tham nrog suab paj nruag ntawm Alfred Schnittke, ib tug neeg txawj ntse ntawm 2nd ib nrab ntawm lub xyoo pua 20th. Tsis muaj leej twg cog lus tias nws yuav yooj yim, tab sis yuav tsum nrhiav tus neeg nyob hauv koj kom nkag siab tias yuav tsum yog qhov tseem ceeb hauv lub neej.