Yeeb Nkab: piav qhia ntawm qhov ntsuas, muaj pes tsawg leeg, suab, keeb kwm, siv

Cov cuab yeej cuab yeej cuab tam Lavxias teb sab, tau hais hauv ntau yam kev sau ntawv thiab cov yeeb yaj kiab, tau muaj txij li lub sijhawm qub. Cov Slavs suav hais tias lub suab nrov ntawm lub tshuab raj ua tej yam yees siv, thiab nws tus kheej tau koom nrog tus vajtswv poj niam Lada, uas txhawb nqa cov neeg nyiam. Cov lus dab neeg hais tias tus vaj tswv ntawm kev hlub thiab mob siab rau Lel zoo siab rau pob ntseg ntawm cov hluas nkauj los ntawm kev ua si ntawm birch yeeb nkab.

Dab tsi yog lub raj nplaim

Los ntawm tag nrho cov-Slavonic "rau xuav" - "xwb". Svirel yog ib pawg ntawm cov suab paj nruag uas muaj ib lossis ob lub pob tw. Cov twj paj nruag belongs rau longitudinal flutes tuav raws lub cev thaum lub sij hawm ua si; Nws tshwm sim nyob rau hauv cov cheeb tsam uas nyob rau sab hnub tuaj thiab yav qab teb Slavs.

Muaj ob hom yeeb nkab - ob npaug. Niaj hnub no nws tsis tshua siv. Ib ob yog ib khub ntawm cov pob tw txuas, sib npaug lossis tsis sib npaug ntawm qhov ntev. Qhov zoo ntawm ob lub raj nplaim yog lub peev xwm los siv cov nyhuv ntawm ob lub suab hauv kev ua suab paj nruag. Muaj qee zaus uas ib qho ntawm cov pob tw yog tsim los tsim cov suab nrov tom qab.

Cov yeeb nkab zoo li cas

Lub tshuab raj longitudinal yog ib lub suab paj nruag zoo tagnrho rau kev tsim suab paj nruag pej xeem. Lub suab tsim yog maj mam, kov, tho, replete nrog overtones. Lub suab qis me ntsis hoarse, lawv tsis tshua siv. Hauv kev tsim suab paj nruag, kev nyiam yog muab rau cov kua, ci, zoo siab tones ntawm lub npe sau npe.

Nws yog technically yooj yim mus ua si. Lub qhov nyob rau hauv lub chim yog alternated kaw thiab qhib nrog ntiv tes, tshuab exhaled cua mus rau hauv lub xuav lub qhov - lub beak.

Cov qauv suab paj nruag feem ntau yog diatonic, tab sis thaum lub qhov hluav taws xob tsis kaw nruj, cov chromatic tshwm sim. Lub flute ntau yog 2 octaves: los ntawm daim ntawv "mi" ntawm 1st octave, mus rau "mi" ntawm 3rd.

Cov khoom siv yeeb nkab

Lub raj nplaim ntev yuav zoo li lub raj ntoo lossis hlau. Txoj kab uas hla - 1,5 cm, ntev - txog 35 cm. Lub beak rau hauv uas cua tshuab yog nyob rau ntawm qhov kawg ntawm cov khoom. Qhov (los ntawm 4 mus rau 8, tab sis nyob rau hauv lub classic version 6) rau tshuab cua yog punched nyob rau hauv nruab nrab ib feem, qhia upwards.

Nyob rau hauv Lavxias teb sab kev lig kev cai, txiav ib tug yeeb nkab los ntawm maple, tshauv, hazel, buckthorn, reed. Nyob rau hauv lwm lub teb chaws, lub longitudinal flute yog ua los ntawm xyoob, pob txha, ceramic, nyiaj, txawm siv lead ua.

Sab hauv ntawm lub raj yog ua hollow nrog ib tug nyias scraper los yog ib tug kub hlau pas nrig. Ib kawg yog txiav obliquely - ib tug beak tau txais.

Qhov ob zoo li ob lub kav dej. Txhua lub thoob muaj cov lus qhia tshwj xeeb xuav thiab 3 lub tshuab tshuab. Lub thoob loj ncav cuag 30-47 cm nyob rau hauv ntev, lub me - 22-35 cm. Raws li txoj cai, tus neeg ua yeeb yam yuav tsum tuav cov yeeb nkab loj nrog nws sab tes xis, tus me me nrog nws sab laug.

Keeb kwm ntawm lub cuab yeej

Nws yog tsis yooj yim sua hais tias thaum tus qauv ntawm lub flute tshwm. Keeb kwm ntawm ib lub suab paj nruag pib thaum ib tug txiv neej thaum ub coj ib tug hollow ntoo stick, ua qhov nyob rau hauv nws, thiab reproduced thawj melody.

Lub tshuab cua supposedly tuaj rau thaj av ntawm ancient Slavs los ntawm tim Nkij teb chaws. Nyob rau hauv keeb kwm muaj ib tug hais txog peb ntawm nws ntau yam:

• tsevnitsa - ib tug ntau-barreled flute;
• nozzle - ib qho kev xaiv ib chim;
• flute - ib tug variant nrog ob lub pob tw.

Lo lus "pipe" yog qhov qub tshaj plaws ntawm cov npe, nws tau siv thaum cov Slavs tseem tsis tau muab faib ua pawg sab hnub tuaj, sab hnub poob thiab yav qab teb. Tab sis nws yog tsis yooj yim sua hais tias ib yam ntawm cov suab paj nruas ntsuas los yog tag nrho cov cua qhov chaw ntawm cov suab paj nruag hu ua li ntawd, txij li thaum lub ancient Slavs hu ua tshuab raj ntaus suab paj nruag Svirts.

Niaj hnub no, cov suab paj nruag cov ntsiab lus "snot" thiab "txoj hlua" tsis tau siv, txhua yam (thiab tsis yog ob leeg-barreled specimens) feem ntau hu ua flute.

Thawj qhov kev sau ntawv uas hais txog lub suab paj nruag hnub rov qab mus rau xyoo pua 12th - Zaj Dab Neeg ntawm Bygone Xyoo, sau los ntawm Nestor the Chronicler.

Nyob rau xyoo 1950, archaeologists pom ob lub kav dej ze Pskov thiab Novgorod:

• 11th caug xyoo, 22,5 cm ntev, nrog 4 qhov;
• 15th caug xyoo, 19 cm ntev, nrog 3 qhov.

Cov yeeb nkab tau ua si tsuas yog los ntawm buffoons thiab shepherds. Tau ntau xyoo lawm, cov cuab yeej suab paj nruag tau suav tias yog nyob deb nroog, keeb kwm, tsis txaus ntseeg. Tsuas yog nyob rau thaum xaus ntawm lub xyoo pua puv 19, cov nom tswv Lavxias teb sab Andreev, uas kawm pej xeem kab lis kev cai, txhim kho lub tshuab raj thiab muab tso rau hauv lub pej xeem suab paj nruag orchestra.

Ib hom twj paj nruag uas muaj keeb kwm ntau pua xyoo thiab suab paj nruag tsis tuaj yeem hu ua nrov hnub no. Nws yog siv feem ntau hauv pej xeem suab paj nruag concerts, keeb kwm films, ua yeeb yam. Lub tshuab raj ua nrov nrov hauv cov menyuam yaus lub tsev kawm suab paj nruag, uas txhais tau hais tias muaj lub sijhawm los txhawb kev nyiam ntawm nws.